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136:125–147.īässler U (1993) The femur-tibia control system of stick insects: A model system for the study of the neural basis of joint control. A158:351–362.īässler U (1988) Functional principles of pattern generation for walking movements of stick insects forelegs: The role of the femoral chordotonal afferences. Reflex reversal and the release of swing phase in the restrained foreleg. Springer Verlag, Berlin.īässler U (1986) Afferent control of walking movements in the stick insect Cuniculina impigra. 24:47–49.īässler U (1983) Neural basis of elementary behavior in stick insects. 63:161–167.īässler U (1976) Reversal of a reflex to a single motoneuron in the stick insect Carausius morosus. The motor output of the simulation has the same characteristics as the real system, even when particular types of interneurons were removed in the simulation and the real system.Īnastasio TJ, Robinson DA (1990) Distributed parallel processing in the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex: Learning networks compared to tensor theory. The results were introduced in the network simulation. These connections were investigated with respect to position and velocity signals from the fCO. Synaptic inputs from fCO afferents onto these interneurons are direct excitatory and indirect inhibitory. In reinvestigating the quantitative characteristics of interneuronal pathways we identified 10 distinct types of nonspiking interneurons. We tested by a combination of physiological experiments and computer simulation whether the known network topology and the properties of its elements are sufficient to explain the generation of the motor output in response to passive joint movements, that is resistance reflexes.
Information is processed by the interaction of antagonistic parallel pathways at two levels: (1) at the input side of the nonspiking interneurons and (2) at the input side of the motoneurons. In inactive stick insects, sensory information from the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO) about position and movement of the femur-tibia joint is transferred via local nonspiking interneurons onto extensor and flexor tibiae motoneurons.
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